IPv6

課程代號: 215148
課程名稱: 網際網路通訊協定第六版
英文名稱: Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
Textbook: Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino, " IPv6 Network Programming", Digital Press; 1 edition (November 1, 2004). ISBN:978-1555583187
References:
- IPv6新世代網際網路協定暨整合技術, 旗標出版社
- IETF RFC documents and Internet Drafts
- Cisco IOS IPv6 Configuration Guide, Release 15.1 (PDF - 7MB)
Time: Wednesday 08:10-11:00
Classroom: TC-301
TA:
Students enrolled in this class
In-class activities:
- Paper discussion
- Lecture
- Implementation
Homework:
- Assigned reading
- You can receive bonus by recommending extra reading or video clips.

2/26 Why do we need a new Internet Protocol?
1. 該是正視IPv6的時候了
2. As World Runs Out of IP Addresses, Switch to IPv6 Nears (New York Times)
3. Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols, The next-generation Internet protocol IPv6 gets real, ZDNet, February 12, 2014.
4. IP Address in China (APNIC 2004)
5. Lucie Smith and Ian Lipner, "Free Pool of IPv4 Address Space Depleted". Number Resource Organization, 3 February 2011.
6. RFC 1715 - The H Ratio for Address Assignment Efficiency
7. [Lecture] IPv4 Exhaustion (3.3MB)
8. W. George, C. Donley, C. Liljenstolpe, and L. Howard, "IPv6 Support Required for All IP-Capable Nodes", BCP 177, RFC 6540, April 2012.
9. Microsoft Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
10. IPv6 - Harvesting a Mature Technology, Brian E Carpenter, IBM, November 2006.
11. IPv6 at IBM
12. [Video] IPv6 - Google
13. [Flash] The History of the RIRs
14. [YouTube] Expanding the Internet: From IPv4 to IPv6
15. [Flash] APNIC IPv6 Informational Multimedia
16. APNIC IPv6 Program
17. Statistics of IPv4 & IPv6 Allocation (TWNIC)
18. Y. Rekhter, T. Li, "An Architecture for IP Address Allocation with CIDR", IETF RFC 1518, September 1993.
19. Y. Rekhter, "CIDR and Classful Routing, IETF RFC 1817, August 1995.
20. K. Hubbard, M. Kosters, D. Conrad, D. Karrenberg, J. Postel, "Internet Registry IP Allocation Guidelines", IETF BCP0012 (RFC2050), November 1996.
21. RFC 3194 - The Host-Density Ratio for Address Assignment Efficiency (An update on the H ratio)
22. RFC 4692 - Considerations on the IPv6 Host Density Metric (HD-Ratio)
3/5 Network Address Translation
1. Cost of Static IPv4 Address
2. IP Masquerade and Network Address Translation
3. RFC 3022 - Traditional IP Network Address Translator (Traditional NAT)
  - This document describes the mechanism of Basic NAT (Network Address Translator) and NAPT (Network Address Port Translation). It includes sample code for checksum adjustment of TCP/UDP/IP/ICMP.
4. RFC 2993 - Architectural Implications of NAT
5. RFC 2663 - IP Network Address Translator (NAT) Terminology and Considerations
6. RFC 3235 - Network Address Translator (NAT)-Friendly Application Design Guidelines
7. D. McPherson, B. Dykes, "VLAN Aggregation for Efficient IP Address Allocation, IETF RFC 3069, February 2001.
8. RFC 1918 - Address Allocation for Private Internets (BCP 5)
  Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has three blocks of IP address space for private networks
  - 10.0.0.0/8 (a single class A network)
  - 172.16.0.0/12 (16 contiguous class B networks)
  - 192.168.0.0/16 (256 contiguous class C networks)
9. [Lab] Building your NAT box
  - Linux IP Masquerade HOWTO
  - Masquerading Made Simple HOWTO
10. RFC 3927 - IPv4 Link Local 169.254/16 (Apple/Microsoft/Sun)
11. RFC 3330 - Special-Use IPv4 Addresses
12. RFC 1958 - Architectural Principles of the Internet
13. RFC 2775 - Internet Transparency
3/12 Chapter 1: Introduction to IPv6 [ (3.1MB)]
- Internet Society, A Brief History of the Internet and Related Networks
- Robert M. Hinden, "IP next generation overview", Communications of the ACM, Volume 39 , Issue 6 (June 1996), pp. 61 - 71.
- W. Stallings, IPv6: the new Internet protocol, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 34, No. 7, pp.96-108, Jul. 1996. doi:10.1109/35.526895
- RFC 7126 - Recommendations on Filtering of IPv4 Packets Containing IPv4 Options
- IPv6 header format
  - Wireshark filter
  - C struct in handling pcap files
- Q: What will happen for SLAAC if my address is occupied by someone else?
3/19 Chapter 3: IPv6 Addresses
- IPv6 Addressing [ (341KB)]
- RFC 4291 (obsoleted RFC 3513) - IPv6 Addressing Architecture
  - IPv4-compatible address is deprecated.
- RFC 5952 - A Recommendation for IPv6 Address Text Representation
- RFC 7136 - Significance of IPv6 Interface Identifiers (Updates RFC 4291)
- RFC 4007 - IPv6 Scoped Address Architecture
- RFC 3041 - Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6 (Obsoleted by RFC 4941)
- RFC 4941 - Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6 (Obsolete RFC 3041)
- RFC 3587 - IPv6 Global Unicast Address Format
- RFC 3177 - Recommended IPv6 Addressing Allocation
- RFC 3849 - IPv6 Address Prefix Reserved for Documentation (2001:DB8::/32)
- RFC 5737 - IPv4 Address Blocks Reserved for Documentation
  1. 192.0.2.0/24
  2. 198.51.100.0/24
  3. 203.0.113.0/24
- RFC 3879 - Deprecating Site Local Addresses
  - The idea of a "site" is vague.
  - Consider a multi-homed site.
  - Consider mobile hosts, which can be successively connected to multiple sites.
- RFC 4193 - Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses
  1. Site border routers and firewalls should be configured to not forward any packets with Local IPv6 source or destination addresses outside of the site.
  2. The default behavior of these devices should be to install a "reject" route for these prefixes.
- IAB, "IAB/IESG Recommendations on IPv6 Address Allocations to Sites, IETF RFC 3177, September 2001.
- R. Fink, R. Hinden, "6bone (IPv6 Testing Address Allocation) Phaseout", IETF RFC 3701, March 2004.
- IPv6 Unicast Address Assignments in IANA
3/26 Neighbor Discovery
1. Ibrahim Haddad, "Linux IPv6: which one to deploy?", Linux Journal, Volume 2002 Issue 96, April 2002.
  - Although the conclusion is outdated, the University of New Hampshire InterOperability Lab IPv6 Test Description document it mentioned is worthy of a look if you want to develop your own IPv6 stack.
2. T. Narten, "Neighbor discovery and stateless autoconfiguration in IPv6", IEEE Internet Computing, Vol. 3 No.4, pp.54-62, July/August 1999.
3. IEEE OUI MAC address
4/2 Spring Vacation
4/9 Chapter 2: IPv4/IPv6 Transition Mechanisms [ (394KB)]
- H. Esaki, IPv6 integration and coexistence strategies for next-generation networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp.88-96, Jan. 2004. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2004.1262167
- D. G. Waddington, Realizing the transition to IPv6, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 40, No. 6, pp.138-147, June 2002. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2002.1007420
- RFC 1671 - IPng White Paper on Transition and Other Considerations.
- RFC 4213 - Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers. (Dual Stack and Configured Tunnel) (Obsoletes RFC 2893)
- RFC 2185 - Routing Aspects of IPv6 Transition
- RFC 3750 - Unmanaged Networks IPv6 Transition Scenarios
- RFC 3904 - Evaluation of IPv6 Transition Mechanisms for Unmanaged Networks.
- RFC 4038 - Application Aspects of IPv6 Transition.
- RFC 5211 - An Internet Transition Plan
- RFC 1853 - IP in IP Tunneling
- [Lab] Confiuring IPv6 Tunnels and Routing Table on Windows XP, Utunbu Linux, FreeBSD by Miss Kuljaree from PSU, Thailand.
  - Windows 7: Suppose the following is the network topology.
```
			+-------+
Host 1			|	|		  Host 2
2001::F  -----  2001::E + Router+ 2001::C  -----  2001::D 
			|	|
			+-------+
	
```
    1. netsh interface ipv6
    2. add v6v4tunnel "T1" (Host IPv4 address) (Router addr)
    3. add address "T1" 2001::F
    4. add route 2001::C/127 "T1"
  - If Host 2 does not respond to ICMPv6 Echo Request (this can be verified from the Router), on Windows 7 you can run Control Panels - Windows Firewall - Advanced Settings, then choose Inbound rule - New Rule - Custom - All programs - Protocol type: ICMPv6.
    - Remark: Probably you don't need to create a new rule. Locate the Inbound Rules for "File and Printer Sharing (Echo Request - ICMPV6-in), and enable the ones corresponding to "Domain" and "Public".
- Implementing Tunneling for IPv6, Cisco.
- [Lab] Create IPv6 Tunnels Manually.
  1. Group students into groups. Each group has 3 or 4 students.
  2. Discuss the IPv6 address assignment policy in your group.
  3. Configure your computers to establish IPv6 tunnels between each pair of computers in your group.
  4. There is no routing protocol yet, so you have to establish IPv6 tunnels between each pair of computer.
  5. Try to ping each other.
  6. Remember that there may be hosts under your router.
- RFC 5214 - Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)
- RFC 3053 - IPv6 Tunnel Broker
  - RFC 5572 - IPv6 Tunnel Broker with the Tunnel Setup Protocol (TSP)
  - [Lab] Configuration Guide of Tunnel Broker
  - HiNet IPv6 Tunnel Broker (gogo6CLIENT)
  - Tunnel Broker in ASCC
    - Download gogoCLIENT from Hexago
    - Connect to the Tunnel Broker tb2.ipv6.ascc.net, because anonymous.freenet6.net is in Canada.
  - SixXS - IPv6 Tunnel Broker
  - Tunnel Broker List for IPv6 Day
  - Tunnel Brokers which require end points to possess public IPv4 addresses:
    1. AARNet Tunnel Broker
    2. Hurricane Electric Free IPv6 Tunnel Broker
- [Lab] 6to4 Tunnel
  - RFC 3056 - Connection of IPv6 Domains via IPv4 Clouds
  - Briefing of NCU IPv6 6to4 Tunnel (local copy), A IPv6 Aware/pass-thru NAT for Rapid Deployment and Transition (TANet 2010 paper)
  - Y. Hei and K. Yamazaki, " Traffic analysis and worldwide operation of open 6to4 relays for IPv6 deployment", Proceedings of 2004 International Symposium on Applications and the Internet (SAINT 2004), pp.265-268.
  - RFC 6343 - Advisory Guidelines for 6to4 Deployment
  - [Internet Draft] Request to move Connection of IPv6 Domains via IPv4 Clouds (6to4) to Historic status draft-ietf-v6ops-6to4-to-historic-03
- IPv6 Forum Roadmap & Vision 2010
- Translation
  - RFC 2766 - Network Address Translation - Protocol Translation (NAT-PT)
  - RFC 4966 - Reasons to Move NAT-PT to Historic Status
  - RFC 6146 - Stateful NAT64: Network Address and Protocol Translation from IPv6 Clients to IPv4 Servers
- [Internet Draft] Yamagata, I., Shirasaki, Y., Nakagawa, A., Yamaguchi, J., and H. Ashida, "NAT444", draft-shirasaki-nat444-06, July 2012. (local copy)
- RFC 6269 - Issues with IP Address Sharing
- RFC 7021 - Assessing the Impact of Carrier-Grade NAT on Network Applications
4/16 DNS Issues:
- RFC 3596 - DNS Extensions to Support IP Version 6
  1. The IP protocol version used for querying resource records is independent of the protocol version of the resource records; e.g., IPv4 transport can be used to query IPv6 records and vice versa.
- RFC 3152 - Delegation of IP6.ARPA (Obsoleted by RFC 3596)
- RFC 1886 - Delegation of IP6.INT (Obsolete by RFC 3596)
- (HISTORIC) RFC 2874 - DNS Extensions to Support IPv6 Address Aggregation and Renumbering
- RFC 6563 - Moving A6 to Historic Status
- IPv6 AAAA DNS Whitelisting Implications draft-ietf-v6ops-v6-aaaa-whitelisting-implications-03
- Ringline IPv6 DNS 設定解說 (local copy)
- Microsoft TechNet Recursive and Iterative Queries
- [Lab] DNS Entries for IPv6
- [Lab] Dynamic DNS (DDNS)
4/23 Chapter 7: IPv6 Deployment & Programming
- Socket Programming in Java
- socketClient.java
- socketServer.java
- Linux Network Programming, Part 1, Linux Journal, 1998.
- RFC 3484 - Default Address Selection for IPv6
4/30 VoIPv6
5/7 IPv6 Multicast
1. Multicast
2. RFC 2375 - IPv6 Multicast Address Assignments
3. D. Thaler, M. Handley, D. Estrin, "The Internet Multicast Address Allocation Architecture", IETF RFC 2908, September 2000.
4. RFC 3810 - Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2) for IPv6
5. B. Haberman, "Allocation Guidelines for IPv6 Multicast Addresses", IETF RFC 3307, August 2002.
5/14 Google mlab IPv6 Tools
Appendix: Internet Standards, Who and How?
1. IETF Introduction
2. S. Bradner, "The Internet Standards Process", IETF BCP 0009, October 1996.
3. RFC 2223 - Instructions to RFC Authors.
  - Formats of an RFC document.
4. BCP 22 - Guide for Internet Standards Writers
  - Characteristics that make standards coherent, unambiguous, and easy to interpret
5/21 IPv6 Worldwide
1. USGv6
2. TANet至美國，加拿大等國學術網路的IPv6流量資料
3. TANet至國外Internet的IPv6流量資料
5/28 Routing Protocols
1. RIPng
2. OSPFv3
3. BGPv4
4. RFC 3068 - An Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers
  - 192.88.99.1
Chapter 4: IPv6 in 3G
- RFC 3574 Transition Scenarios for 3GPP Networks
- RFC 4215 Analysis on IPv6 Transition in Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Networks
Chapter 5: IPv6 QoS
- Ryan Measel, IPv6 Compression Techniques and Performance, Master Thesis, Drexel University, February 2011.
- RFC 4944
- RFC 6282
6/4 Chapter 6: IPv6 Security
- RFC 7123 - Security Implications of IPv6 on IPv4 Networks
- Implementing First Hop Security in IPv6, Cisco
- Implementing IPsec in IPv6 Security, Cisco.
- RFC 3972 - Cryptographically Generated Addresses (CGA)
- RFC 3964 - Security Considerations for 6to4
- Implementing IPSec in IPv6 Security, Cisco.
- Securing with IPsec on IPv6 Networks, Microsoft.
- RFC 4218 - Threats Relating to IPv6 Multihoming Solutions
- RFC 4891 - Using IPsec to Secure IPv6-in-IPv4 Tunnels
6LoWPAN
1. Caldeira, J.M.L.P. ; Rodrigues, J.J.P.C. ; Lorenz, P. Toward ubiquitous mobility solutions for body sensor networks on healthcare, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp.108-105, May 2012. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2012.6194390
2. Fadlullah, Z.M. ; Fouda, M.M. ; Kato, N. ; Takeuchi, A. Toward intelligent machine-to-machine communications in smart grid, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp.60-65, April 2011. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2011.5741147
3. Jun Zheng, D. Simplot-Ryl, C. Bisdikian and H.T. Mouftah, The Internet of Things, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 49, No. 11, pp.30-31, November 2011. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2011.6069706
4. Ganti, R.K. ; Fan Ye ; Hui Lei Mobile crowdsensing: current state and future challenges, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 49, No. 11, pp.32-39, November 2011. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2011.6069707
5. Gluhak, A. ; Krco, S. ; Nati, M. ; Pfisterer, D. A survey on facilities for experimental internet of things research, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 49, No. 11, pp.58-67, November 2011. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2011.6069710
6. Pan, J. ; Paul, S. ; Jain, R. A survey of the research on future internet architectures, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 49, No. 7, pp.26-36, July 2011. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2011.5936152
7. JeongGil Ko, Connecting low-power and lossy networks to the internet, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 96-101, April 2011. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2011.5741163
8. Aminul Haque Chowdhury, Route-over vs mesh-under routing in 6LoWPAN, Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC '09), pp. 1208-1212 , New York, USA, 2009.
9. E. Kim, D. Kaspar, C. Gomez and C. Bormann, Problem Statement and Requirements for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) Routing, RFC 6606, May 2012
6/11 Multihoming
1. IPv4 Multihoming Practices and Limitations (RFC 4116)
2. Architectural Approaches to Multi-Homing for IPv6 (RFC 4177)
3. Threats relating to IPv6 Multihoming Solutions (RFC 4218)
4. Things MULTI6 Developers Should Think About (RFC 4219)
6/18 Final Exam

Homework

Allocation of /16 Addresses in APNIC
HW1: Capturing IPv6 Packets
HW3: IPv6 Tunneling
IPv6 Address Fromat Validation
HW4
HW: IPv6 Socket Programming
Enable IPv6 for Apache Server on Windows 7
HAProxy for IPv6 translation to IPv4-only website

Examination

Mid-Term Exam
HE IPv6 Certification
1. rfc2460 (Solomon)
  Reach 1500 on Dec. 26, 2011
2. How to become a Certified IPv6 Technician – Part Two

Related Resources

TWNIC MOOCs on IPv6
TWNIC IPv6 Lab
IPv6 升級實作技術手冊
IPv6 升級現況
IPv6 e-Learning in NDHU , 線上IPv6實驗
World IPv6 Day (June 8th, 2011)
APNIC IPv6 Deployment Report
IPv6 in Slovak Academic Network
IPv6 Ready Organizations in Taiwan
TANet 骨幹流量, 區網IPv6流量
1. TANet縣市網路中心(國中小學)對外IPv6流量統計
  這個網站需要點選縣市名稱如：[台北區網2] ---> 台北縣網，可進入細項資料。最後就有針對IPv6的流量進行統計。
TANet Whois Database
Proposed Agenda of IPv6 Workshop in NCU

Term Project

IPv6 Routing Header
IPv6 Looking Glass