1. Consider the following code: 
    
N = eval(input("N = ? "))
board = ['X'*N]*2
for i in range(N-2):
    board.insert(1, 'X'*N)
for i in range(N):
    for j in range(N):
        print( board[i][j], end='')
    print()
    Modify one line so that the program will run as follows. 
    
N = ? 7
XXXXXXX
X     X
X     X
X     X
X     X
X     X
XXXXXXX
    When you submit your answer, please mark the modifed line with color Magenta. For example, 
    
N = eval(input("N = ? "))
board = []
for i in range(N):
    board.append([' ']*N)
    board[i][i] = 'X'
    board[i][i] = 'O'
for i in range(N):
    for j in range(N):
        print( board[i][j], end='')
    print()
  2. Consider the following code: 
    
N = eval(input("N = ? "))
for i in range(N):
    s = '*' * (i+1)
    fmt = "{0}"
    print( fmt.format(s) )
    Modify one line so that the program will run as follows: 
    
N = ? 5
*****
****
***
**
*
    When you submit your answer, please mark the updated line with color Magenta.
  3. Consider the following code: 
    
N = eval(input("N = ? "))
for i in range(N):
    s = '*' * (2*(N-i)-1)
    print(s)
    Modify one line so that the program will run as follows: 
    
N = ? 5
*********
 *******
  *****
   ***
    *
    When you submit your answer, please mark the updated line with color Magenta.
  4. An acronym is an abbreviation which is derived by taking the initial letter from a group of words. For example, the acronym of "World of Warcraft" is "WoW'. Design a Python function which returns the acronym of the string parameter passed to it. You may test your function with the following code: 
    
def main():
    w = ["National Chi Nan University",
        "American Standard Code Information Interchange",
        "Central Processing Unit",
        "Internet of Things",
        "Universal Serial Bus"]
    for a in w:
        print( acronym(a) )

main()
  5. Design a program which asks the user to input a filename. The program will then count the occurrence of each alphabet (from 'A' to 'Z') in the file. This program will be case-insensitive, so uppercase 'A' and lowercase 'a' will look the same to it. At the end of the program, print out the statistics.
    The program may run as follows. 
    
Filename = ? test1.dat
A: 5    B: 0    C: 0    D: 0    E: 0
F: 0    G: 0    H: 0    I: 2    J: 0
K: 0    L: 2    M: 1    N: 0    O: 0
P: 0    Q: 0    R: 1    S: 2    T: 1
U: 1    V: 0    W: 0    X: 0    Y: 2
Z: 0
  6. Another way to create an abbreviation from a word is by deleting vowels in the word. For example, "tomato" becomes "tmt". Design a Python function vowel_delete() which returns a string by deleting vowels in the string parameter passed to it. Hint: You may use the replace() method for Python strings. You may test your function with the following code: 
    
def main():
    words = ["Greek", "German", "Spain", "KOREA", "JAPAN", "TAIWAN"]
    for w in words:
        print( vowel_delete(w) )
main()
  7. Consider the following code: 
    
N = eval(input("N = ? "))
for i in range(N):
    s = '*' * (N-i)
    fmt = "{0}"
    print( fmt.format(s) )
    Modify one line so that the program will run as follows: 
    
N = ? 5
*****
 ****
  ***
   **
    *
    When you submit your answer, please mark the updated line with color Magenta.